Independence of Central Bank (10%) - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1119 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Independence Essay Did you like this example? Independence of Central Bank (10%) Central Bank independence is one of the key pre-requisites for effective inflation targeting. Kahn (2009) states that although monetary policy goals must be set by the democratic government, their implementation should be the mandate of the central bank to avoid the time-inconsistency problem or a political monetary policy cycle. This mandate may not be made into a law, but what matters is past credibility and a continued commitment to the goal of price stability. On other hand, Charles Freedman et al (2010) argues that legislating this mandate is important, particularly in emerging economies where there is a history of government control of monetary policy. For example, the government may resort to populist measures and change the target when central bank has to take unpopular steps. This takes away the basic advantage of inflation targeting- anchoring expectations and increasing predictability and credibility (Kahn, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Independence of Central Bank (10%)" essay for you Create order Guy Debelle et al (1998) argues that fiscal policy must not dominate or dictate monetary policy. This means: Very low or no borrowing by government from the central bank Well-developed domestic markets that can absorb public debt (e.g. treasury bills) Broad base of government revenue so that there is minimal dependence on seigniorage revenues In presence of fiscal dominance, fiscal policy based inflationary pressures will reduce the effectiveness of inflation targeting as central banks will be forced to accommodate government demands such as lowering interest rates to aid fiscal goals. To avoid discretion by governments with regards to monetary policy, transparency and strong communication are important in central banks. In South Africa, monetary goals are set by government by setting the target while constitution guarantees instrument-independence of central bank. (Kahn, 2009) Limitations ofInflationTargeting(10%) Limitation in analyzing its effectiveness is since it is difficult to differentiate between the overall impact of general economic reforms and the more specific impact of inflation targeting. Sarwat Jahan (no year) According to CA Sims (2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Inflation targeting may do more harm than good if there is a substantial chance that the central bank cannot in fact control inflationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This implies that in countries with history of inflation control problems, usefulness of inflation targeting may be limited. Alan Bollard (2008) in his speech said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Inflation targeting is not an elixir for stabilization. Independence and accountability arrangements for central banking lead to heightened expectations of what monetary policy is actually able to achieve.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  So, it will not be effective as a standalone policy. A prerequisite for inflation targeting is co-ordination with fiscal policy. Inflation targeting commitment may not be sustainable under certain conditions. In some cases, what may appear as initial success can lead to adverse impact in future, particularly when required fiscal backup is missing. Similarly, if the inflation target projections cannot be supported with credible explanation of how central bank intends to achieve the desired target, it will undermine its credibility and worsen the situation. For example, if central bank is at zero bound of its policy rate and has no room to influence inflation. Thus, Inflation Targeting is therefore not recommended for the Bank of Japan. (CA Sims, 2003). So, every country must assess its economic conditions and determine if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a suitable policy or if it can be tailored to suit their conditions. For example, in open economies where the exchange rate impacts output and inflation, the effectiveness and implementation of inflation targeting must be carefully analyzed. (Sarwat Jahan) Other Limitations: Central Bank may overlook more pressing issues like unemployment, exchange rate fluctuations and other macroeconomic variables. During financial crisis, inflation targeting, particularly if rule-based, may restrict central bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability due to reduced flexibility. Possible instability in case of large supply-side shocks Since inflation targeting success depends on anchored expectations, lack of public support can undermine its effectiveness Monetary policy impacts inflation with a substantial delay (CA Sims, 2003). So, policy decisions are based on projections and unexpected events may hinder achievement the desired target. Although a much debated point, some argue that higher inflation may be good for economy at times and lower inflation may not always imply stability. OptimalInflationRate (5-10%) Currently, there is no consensus among the a various economic researches about the optimal inflation rate. Most economists agree that inflation should not fall below zero since the costs of deflation are high. They, however, disagree about how much à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"above zero inflationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should a central bank target. Many central banks, however, have a similar policy: an inflation target around two percent. These include the Federal Reserve (which calls two-percent inflation a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“longer-run goalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), the European Central Bank (which aims for inflation rates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“below, but close to, 2%à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), and most other central banks in advanced economies (Laurence Ball, 2014). The criterion to set optimal target will depend on the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the monetary transmission mechanism model and on the stabilization objectives of the monetary policy. (Giannoni et al,2003) References: Challenges of inflation targeting for emerging market economies: The South African case. InConference Papers on Challenges for Monetary Policy-makers in Emerging Markets, South African Reserve Bank. Sarwat Jahan: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/target.htm Guy Debelle et al: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues/issues15/ Allan Bollard: https://www.bis.org/review/r080731c.pdf Laurence Ball: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2014/wp1492.pdf Marc P. Giannoni,Michael Woodford: https://www.nber.org/papers/w9939.pdf https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2010/03/pdf/roger.pdf https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08234.pdf https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp1321.pdf https://www.bis.org/review/r131205g.pdf https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2012/sdn1201.pdf Important Elements for Inflation Targeting for Emerging Economies: Prepared by Charles Freedman and Inci ÃÆ'–tker-Robe https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp026.pdf https://www.nber.org/chapters/c9562.pdf https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/97v03n3/9708part1.pdf https://siteresources.worldbank.org/PGLP/Resources/Session8.pdf https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/5397/inflation/inflation-targetting-pros-and-cons/ Appendix Targeting inflation There are 28 countries that use inflation targeting, fixing the consumer price index as their monetary policy goal. Three other countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Finland, the Slovak Republic, and Spainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ adopted inflation targeting but abandoned it when they began to use the euro as their currency. Country Inflation targeting adoption date Inflation rate at adoption date (percent) 2010 end-of-year inflation (percent) Target inflation rate (percent) New Zealand 1990 3.30 4.03 1 3 Canada 1991 6.90 2.23 2 +/- 1 United Kingdom 1992 4.00 3.39 2 Australia 1993 2.00 2.65 2 3 Sweden 1993 1.80 2.10 2 Czech Republic 1997 6.80 2.00 3 +/- 1 Israel 1997 8.10 2.62 2 +/- 1 Poland 1998 10.60 3.10 2.5 +/- 1 Brazil 1999 3.30 5.91 4.5 +/- 1 Chile 1999 3.20 2.97 3 +/- 1 Colombia 1999 9.30 3.17 2 4 South Africa 2000 2.60 3.50 3 6 Thailand 2000 0.80 3.05 0.5 3 Hungary 2001 10.80 4.20 3 +/- 1 Mexico 2001 9.00 4.40 3 +/- 1 Iceland 2001 4.10 2.37 2.5 +/- 1.5 Korea, Republic of 2001 2.90 3.51 3 +/- 1 Norway 2001 3.60 2.76 2.5 +/- 1 Peru 2002 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"0.10 2.08 2 +/- 1 Philippines 2002 4.50 3.00 4 +/- 1 Guatemala 2005 9.20 5.39 5 +/- 1 Indonesia 2005 7.40 6.96 5 +/- 1 Romania 2005 9.30 8.00 3 +/- 1 Serbia 2006 10.80 10.29 4 8 Turkey 2006 7.70 6.40 5.5 +/- 2 Armenia 2006 5.20 9.35 4.5 +/- 1.5 Ghana 2007 10.50 8.58 8.5 +/- 2 Albania 2009 3.70 3.40 3 +/- 1 Sources: Hammond, 2011; Roger, 2010; and IMF staff calculations.

The State of Texas - 2439 Words

Unit 1 Discussion Unit 2 Discussion Unit 3 Discussion - The Importance of Mission Statements In preparation for your Discussion Question exercise, please read Chapter 2 Appendix, BBamp;T Vision, Mission, and Purpose on page 39 of your text. Post your answer in the threaded Discussion board along with your source citation in APA format. BBamp;T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement is considered an exemplary Mission Statement. Please read it, comment on the positives and negatives of this statement, and defend your answer through APA citation. * Their vision and mission statements are straight to the point and short. The values are very lengthy and could be shortened drastically. Although it is something that some may be†¦show more content†¦(Pearce amp; Robinson, 2011) A resource based view can help determine, and maintain a competitive advantage for Wal-Mart. In order to gain a clear understanding of their advantage, or lack thereof, it is vital that Wal-Mart determine what resources they have available to them. Once these resources are identified they must capitalize on them, and ensure that they provide them with a sustained advantage, and not a temporary advantage. For instance, Wal-Mart might find that there is a manufacturer that is not being used to their full potential, and is able to provide them with fast production and quick delivery of items for a great price. It would be beneficial for Wal-Mart to take advantage of this opportunity, as well as build a long lasting relationship with this manufacturer that will carry them both into the future. SWOT analysis determines a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. (Pearce amp; Robinson, 2011) Performing a SWOT analysis on Wal-Mart would definitely prove beneficial to the company as a whole. Sometimes it is hard for a large corporation like Wal-Mart to see all of the little factors that might be affecting them on a daily basis. They definitely have strengths that they could capitalize on, such as the convenience of one stop shopping. Weaknesses that should be determined, and worked on such as loss prevention. Opportunities that should be taken,Show MoreRelatedTexas Is A State Of Texas1269 Words   |  6 Pages Texas is a state that has a continuous history of arising issues and conflicts dealing with immigration policies, education policies, environmental policies, social welfare policies and many other disputes. 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Sports Dissertation Topics Free Essays

Sport Dissertation Topics – Introduction A degree in Sports Science could assist students seeking to build a career in sports therapy, coaching, development or personal training. As a student studying sports science, you can become a sports administrator, events organiser, sports psychologist or health promotion specialist (Guardian, 2010). It is therefore very important for sports students, looking for sports dissertation ideas to choose one that could help progress their career further. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Dissertation Topics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here are a list of sports dissertation titles within which you can base your research. Sports Dissertation Topics 1. Exercise and physiology 1. Physiological foundation and performance in football: A study on muscle strength as the key factor for determining success among elite footballers in England 2. Muscle strength in swimming: A case study of the human kinetics form and skeletal muscle functions in swimming activities 3. Neural variations in resistive exercise: Investigating the factors limiting performance among gymnasts and recommendations for training 4. The physical and psychological characteristics of professional body builders: A study on the co-relation between nutrition, behavior and performance among the elite body builders 5. Isometric power in skeletal muscle: Comparing single muscle fiber strength and reproduction in athletic activities. 6. Aging effects on muscle functioning and morphology: A study on muscle transformation among women athletes in menopause and beyond 7. Adjustment to training and strength: Neurological and Morphological input to improved bone strength and development in strength training 8. Strength and nutrition: An investigation on the modern and traditional methods of training and the promotion of strength and balance in retired professional footballers 9. Muscle strength and gender: A study on the comparative muscle strength in men and women athletes. 10. Muscular strength and training among the elderly: A study of age related diseases and risk factors involved among the old gymnasts To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 2. Sports and nutrition 1. Sports and nutrition: A comparative study on pre-game diet and meal matching activities and how they help increase the performance of players in football. 2. Nutrition and athlete performance: A study on the different models of nutrition recommended for vegetarian athletes 3. Protein requirements in strength sports: A comparative study on protein supplementation for bone development and optimal performance in strength training. 4. Vitamins and athlete performance: A study of vitamin supplementation for peak performance in athletics 5. Depletion of vitamins in athletics. A comparative study on the use of protein and carbohydrate supplements to recover muscle glycogen after strength training. 6. Iron requirements in sports: A study on the level of iron requirements among women and men athletes 7. Supplements and athlete performance: Investigating the use of citrate, glutamine and bicarbonate supplements and their effects on athlete performance 8. Athlete performance and caffeine intake: A study on the contemporary issues of caffeine intake and their effects on athlete performance. 9. Is vitamin D a major concern for athletesA case study of Vitamin D supplementation on resistance trained athletes 10. The use of prescribed supplements in sports: A study on the stand of international sports association on sup ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬plement intake. To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 3. Sport Pharmacology Exercise 1. Drug supplementation and peak performance in athletics: Examining the comparative effects of drug supplementation among the elite athletes, a case study of supplement and non-supplement users 2. The use of prescribed drugs and supplements in athletics: A study of the frequent used drugs and supplements for respiratory cardiovascular diseases in athletics. 3. Hypertension and exercise: The stand of international sports association on the management of hypertension among physically active patients and athletes 4. Ergogenic aid and pharmacology in sports: A case study of the use of diuretics in sports and the influence of physical activities on drug therapy for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among elite athletes 5. Handling Bronchial complications in sports: A case study of the athletes subjected to the inhalation of the beta2-agonist during the 2012 London Olympics. 6. Asthmatic tri-athletes: A study on the effects of training, exercise and medication among asthmatic athletes 7. The legal capacity for Drug and supplement use in sports: A study on the international legislations on drug and supplement use in football. 8. Adrenaline rush in sports: A case study of black white females over the age of 45 in the UK and in the United States 9. Chronic medical conditions and nutrition requirements: A comparative study on the nutritional requirements for athletes with chronic conditions 10. Cardiovascular medication in sports: A case study of athletes using cardiovascular medication in the 2012 Olympics and the challenges of using heart rate as a measure of exercise intensity/capacity To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 4. Satellite cells 1. Stem cell therapy: A comparative study on stem cell therapy and the implications for treating cartilage deficiencies and osteoarthritis for athletic sports 2. The satellite cell cycle: Investigating the importance of satellite stem cells in growth, maintenance, regulation and muscle regeneration during gym training. 3. Disease control and muscle adaptation in athlete training: A study on the role of the myo-nuclear domain in the differentiation and proliferation of the stem cell cycle, diseases and adaptation 4. Satellite cells in aging athletes: A study on the alteration of satellite stem cells between young and old athletes and the importance of satellite cells in regulation of muscle mass 5. Testosterones and satellite cells: A study on the molecular and cellular mechanisms and the influence of testosterone on the skeletal muscles for performance enhancement in sports 6. Satellite stem cells and athlete training: A study on the effects of heavy resistance training on satellite stem cells in the skeletal muscle of athletes 7. Hyperplasia, satellite cells and hypertrophy: Investigating the cell division orientation and the heterogeneity of swimmers satellite cell muscles 8. The development of satellite stem cells: A study on the origin, proliferation, functions and the status of the satellite stem cells 9. Satellite stem cells adaptation: A study of the trapezius muscles during aerobic or endurance training 10. Satellite cells and age related factors: Investigating the heterogeneity and function-ability of an adult athlete satellite stem cells. To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 5. Mitochondria and physical conditions 1. A study on the relationship between mitochondria development, strength and fitness in the physical condition of athletes with reference to insulin sensitivity 2. Mitochondrial functions and cell metabolism: A study of the effects of partial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial overload and their contribution to the increment in of resistance of the skeletal muscles in endurance training 3. Aging and metabolism: A study on the use of anti aging drugs to avoid metabolic related syndromes among elder athletes 4. Metabolic disorders: Combating insulin and obesity using drugs and exercise mimetics in the skeletal muscles of athletes 5. Can the increase of muscle mitochondrial help reduce insulin resistance caused by high fat dietsUnderstanding insulin resistance and high fat diet in strength training 6. Can metabolic flexibility and glucose tolerance be compromised by specific muscle deletion of carnitine acetyltransferase after exerciseA comparative study on the metabolic fitness and muscle exercise in power lifting trainings 7. Metabolic fitness and obesity: A study on cellular energy transductions and their influence to obesity among athletes. 8. Carnitine deficiency: A study on the effects of over nutrition and aging on metabolic control and mitochondrial performance in strength training 9. Metabolic fitness and type 2 diabetes: Revisiting the connection between type 2 diabetes and mitochondrial oxidation functions in flexibility training 10. Metabolic health and diseases: A study on the functions of mitochondrial uncoupling and lipid oxidation during aerobic training and mental conditioning To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 6. Biomechanics in Sports 1. Intrinsic biomechanics and strength training: A study of Pectoral bench recruitment practices applied in bench pressing variation in weight lifting training. 2. Intrinsic and extrinsic biomechanics: A study on newbie gains, their duration, registration of gain levels among male and female athletes 3. Biomechanics and nutrient supplementation in weight training: A study of the different gain levels on supplement users and non users both on a good diet in a period of four months. 4. Strength training: A study on the use of bands in strength training to increase muscle gains and their benefits. 5. Gender in Sports: Investigating the performance and biomechanics of coaching in elite female athletes in intelligence training 6. Biomechanics and temperature: Investigating athlete muscle reactions during isometric training in relation to temperature variations. A case study of African and European athletes 7. Athletic sports and puberty training: A study of the female athlete before and after puberty and the possible metabolic effects 8. Biomechanics preparation in sports: A study on the importance of biomechanics preparation before German volume training 9. Biomechanics and human movements: Revisiting the biomechanics of cell biology for health and nutrition in circuit trainings 10. Bio measurement and human physiology: Developing aspects for human physiology understanding, homeostasis maintenance and physiological parameters in human health and nutrition during body building training To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 7. Health and well being in sports 1. Functional assessment and physical conditioning in aerobic endurance and football training: Investigating the need for structured exercise and physical activity in the psychological and physiological development and the well being of footballers 2. Exercise and nutrition in athletics: A study on the relationship between health nutritional consumption and physical activities of elite athletes 3. Exercise optimization and metabolic training: Examining the theories, principles and concepts connected to metabolism of nutrients during metabolic training. 4. Subjective well being among college footballers: A case study of England college footballers 5. Athlete well being and performance. A comparative study on the effects of mental well being on physical activities among elite athletes 6. Subjective well being in swimming as a sport: A study on the science of life satisfaction and happiness in relationship to the performance of swimming professionals 7. Cultural well being in football: A case study of black athletes in co-relation to their self esteem and satisfaction in performance in European football clubs 8. Subjective well being and athlete performance: A meta-analysis of the personality traits of elite athletes and their contributions to performance 9. Marital status and subjective well being in football as a sport: A case study of married and single footballers in England 10. Subjective well being, age and gender in football training: Investigating the changes in physical activities in relation to cross-sectional gender and age in football strength training. To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 8. Exercise psychology 1. Investigating the hardships faced by coaches on behavioral intervention and performance coaching. A case study of the England National team coaching fraternity 2. Exercise and parenthood: A study on the barriers experienced by working parents with small children and the probable effects on performance 3. Homosexuality in coaching: A case study of Gay coaches in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 4. Gender and cultural analysis in exercise and practice: Analyzing gender and cross- cultural disparities in sports. A case study of black footballers in Spain 5. Gender in coaching: A study on the perception of different divisions in coaching male and female athletes 6. Sport injury: A study on the effectiveness of using the integrated model of sport injury to improve psychological improvements of injured high school athletes. 7. Is fatness a cause of embarrassmentA study on the pressures experienced by college female gymnasts on body image 8. Leadership in sports: A study of college athletes and their perception on coaches and team captains. 9. Career transition in sports: A case study on the psychological effects of career ridding injuries in football academies in the United Kingdom. 10. Eating behaviors and body image: A study on the influences posted by the UK media on the eating behaviors of female athletes in England. To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 9. Clinical exercise psychology (CEP) 1. A study on the effectiveness of music beat frequencies on exercise intensity among athletes and its implications in pace setting in practice. A case study of online and television gymnasts 2. Does child hood exposure to smoke increase the chances of pulmonary abnormalities in child athletesA study on the effects smoke in children 3. Do PDE5 inhibitors affect blood pressureA study on the effects of using PDE5 inhibitors (Viagra) among male footballers 4. Pacing strategies in training: A study on the effects of non uniform pacing and how it affects performance during practice. 5. Resistance training among cardiac patients: A study on the disparities in response and rehabilitation results among athletes with cardiac problems 6. Age and training: A study on the discrepancies in the learning process among athletes of different age groups 7. The psychological and physiological effects of Non Impact Aerobics: A case study of women athletes over 45 years 8. Does athletes trained in high altitude areas perform better than athletes trained in low altitude areasA case study between athletes from high altitude areas and low altitude areas in Europe 9. Metabolic Disorders and exercise Prescriptions for Cardiac and pulmonary athletes: A study on the techniques, responses, prescription, exercise, programming and adaptations of athletes with heart and chest complications 10. Motivational factors in training: The psychological and physiological perceptions of youthful athletes To get help with this dissertation or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today 10. Sport Science and Exercise 1. The effects of physical activity and the use of oral contraceptives: A six month study on college female athletes in the United Kingdom 2. Athlete performance and family back ground: A study on the performance of athletes tracing their back grounds from children’s home and how it affects their performance 3. A prospective study on the comparison of the effectiveness of ‘SMART’ goal settings among upcoming athletes and elite athletes 4. Autism and sports: A study on the performance of children with spectrum autism and normal children in middle schools 5. The use of androgenic anabolic steroids in volatile sports: A case study of boxing as a sport 6. The application of muscle power in sports and their effects on injury, risk and pain: A study of female and male rugby players 7. Women and sports: A study on the role of sports in the enhancement of women in the society and body image development 8. School settings and its effects of students performance: A study on the best sport performing higher level institutions in England 9. Leisure and sports: A study on the lifestyles of elite footballers in England and their effects on performance 10. Hospital employees and their perception of sports as a recreational activity: A case of St. Georges Hospital, London. Let us help you Write your Dissertation References References Linking words – Sports Science Degree 1. http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/dec/11/sports-science-degree How to cite Sports Dissertation Topics, Essays

Essay On Richard Iii Example For Students

Essay On Richard Iii 1.The tragedy of Richard III lies in the progressive isolation ofits protagonist. Discuss. From the very opening of the play when Richard III enters solus,the protagonists isolation is made clear. Richards isolation progressesas he separates himself from the other characters and breaks the naturalbonds between Man and nature through his efforts to gain power. The first scene of the play begins with a soliloquy, whichemphasizes Richards physical isolation as he appears alone as he speaks tothe audience. This idea of physical isolation is heightened by hisreferences to his deformity, such as rudely stampdCheated of featureby Dissembling Nature, deformed, unfinished. This deformity would be anoutward indication to the audience of the disharmony from Nature andviciousness of his spirit. As he hates the idle pleasures of these daysand speaks of his plots to set one brother against another, Richard seemssocially apart from the figures around him, and perhaps regarded as anoutsider or ostracized because of his deformity.His separation from isfamily is emphasized when he says Dive, thoughts down to my soul when hesees his brother approaching. He is unable to share his thought with hisown family as he is plotting against them. Thus, we are given hints of hisphysical, social and spiritual isolation which is developed throughout theplay. But despite these hints, he still refers to himself as part of theHouse of York, shown in the repeated use of Our. The concept of Richards physical isolation is reinforced in hisdealings with Anne in Act I scene ii. She calls him thou lump of fouldeformity and fouler toad during their exchange. Despite these insults,she still makes time to talk to Richard, and by the end of their exchange,she has taken his ring and been wood by him. After Richard hassuccessfully gained the throne, he isolates himself when he asks the crowdto stand all apart in Act IV scene ii. And later, when Richard dreams,he is completely alone. Physical isolation in Richards deformity winssympathy from the audience as we pity his condition. But Richard uses hisdeformity as a tool against the other characters, to portray them asvictimizing Richard. Thus the sense of tragedy is lessened by his ownactions, even though his isolation may become greater as the playprogresses. Richards psychological isolation is conveyed through his lack ofconscience in his murderous acts. Nowhere does he feel remorse for hismurders, until Act V scene iii when he exclaims Have mercy Jesu! and Ocoward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!. In this turning point,Richards division from his own self is made clear from I and I, and Isthere a murderer here? No. Yes, I am! He has conflicting views of himselfand realizes that no creature loves him, not even himself. We also neverthe real mind of Richard, for he is always playing a role, of a lovingbrother to Clarence, a lover to Anne or a victim to the others. We feelsympathy for Richard as he awakes in a vulnerable position and for thefirst time acknowledges the evil that he has done. But as he only revealshis feelings of guilt in the last act of the play, we do not see him ininternal turmoil and thus the sense of psychological tragedy cannot bebuilt upon. Socially, Richard is isolated from both the upper and lower classesof society. In Act I scene iii, Richard sarcastically calls Elizabethsister, and she contemptuously calls him Brother of Gloucester makinga mockery of familial bonds. Margaret calls him cacodemon and devil,and any unity that the characters have on stage is temporary andsuperficial. In act III, the citizens are said to be mum and deadlypale, which gives a sense of quiet opposition to Richards activities. .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .postImageUrl , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:hover , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:visited , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:active { border:0!important; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:active , .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82 .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u704556f52cb909e6c075ed331fcf2d82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Mans Vision Of Love: EssayRichard is thus separated from all around him. Temporarily, we see Richardand Buckingham share a kind of bond, as Richard calls him My other self,My Oracle and My prophet. But they part when Buckingham hesitates tokill the young princes when Richard says I wish the bastards dead. Thisis the only time the audience sees Richard act with any other man, but werealize that it is for purely political purposes and that the union existsonly while Buckingham remains useful to him. Our sympathy for Richard islimited as we see that he has no true friendships, and does not genuinelycare for his family or friends. Thus even in his increasing isolation thesen se of tragedy upon his death is not really saddening to the audience asthere is no real sense of waste at his loss. Richard isolates himself from God, as he claims to be above Godslaw and only uses religion as a tool to appear holy before he is King. Butironically, although he breaks the bonds between man and Nature, he is atool of Divine Justice as he kill those who were sinners, for exampleClarence who recalls his horrible dream and realizes his guilt early in theplay. As the murders accumulate so does his separation from God, and theneed for his death increases. But being closer to his death brings himcloser and closer to being with God. Thus although Richard may not realizeit, he is never too far from God. But Richard does not increasingly isolate himself from theaudience. From our omniscient position, we share in Richards wit,sarcasm, and the dramatic irony brought about when other characters are notfully aware of the implication of his words. Richard also shares hisfeelings with us, although he is not always truthful.But the fact thathe enjoys his villainy to such a great extent, and feels no remorse for hismurders reduces him to a figure of Vice, and is not really seen to be atragic figure of great proportions. In his killing, we see the guilt of Clarence, King Edward, Rivers,Hastings Buckingham and Lady Anne exposed before their deaths, along withall those who die. Thus their deaths are necessary and the audienceremembers that. Also, the deaths appear off-stage, which lessens theimpact of their deaths. The most poignant part of the play occurs in seeing the youngprinces talk happily and innocently to their uncle and Lord Protector. York says I shall not sleep quiet in the Tower, and we pity them, as theyare young and afraid, and are forced to go there because, as the Princesays, My Lord Protector needs will have it so. The children had appearedhappy , and the Prince had shown wit and intelligence in his conversationwith his uncle. This appears to be the greatest tragic loss in the play,which is heightened because of their youth and innocence. The tragedy ofthe protagonist is felt because of his attractiveness as a villain and assomeone who is not constrained by the rules of society. However, theaudience never forgets that he is wicked and therefore we cannot feel asense of great loss of potential or waste in his death. Words/ Pages : 1,235 / 24

Java 2 Essays - Computing Platforms, Cross-platform Software

Java 2 December 1999 Sun Microsystems publicly released a series of eighty mini-programs known as Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) which are designed to enhance large corporate servers. This two-year project had been undertaken by numerous programmers from dozens of companies, working together on what they believed to be an open-source project to enhance the Web-wise Java language created by Sun. Many of these companies now feel betrayed because Sun Microsystems is attempting to levy a royalty against the new release. This decision has especially elicited an angry response from IBM -- Sun's biggest Java partner which developed 80% of the new release. IBM has taken the lead in its refusal to pay the new fees and many smaller companies are following its lead. This latest incident accents the tenuous Java alliance and highlights problems within the open-source movement (i.e., Linux)?Kwhen the profit motive takes over, companies stop playing nice. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems to counter the Microsoft Windows monopoly. Programs written in Java are essentially universally adaptable to run on any type of hardware regardless of underlying operating system. Sun released the technical specifications for open-source use, but still controls the coding standard and Java name. This practice is at the heart of the latest uproar. Companies who develop software using the Java 2 Enterprise Edition must pass a series of Sun compatibility tests while paying three percent of total sales to use the J2EE seal. Sun contends this fee is necessary to defray costs of the Java franchise. Within the past four months only five of two-hundred Java licensees have signed up -- IBM not being one of them. We'll support the J2EE extensions -- but we won't use the J2EE brand, says Rodney Smith of IBM's Java group. Forbes contends the real issue in this corporate contest is not about royalties -- it is about control. Although IBM was a major player in J2EE development, Sun Microsystems ultimately dictates Java specifications, compatibility standards, and sets the licensing terms. IBM finds itself obliged to Sun, its rival in the corporate server-world. In addition, Sun recently released iPlanet as competing Web-based software against the IBM WebSphere; both manage Web server applications. IBM is not the only company voicing concerns. BEA Systems and SilverStream Software are smaller companies using the J2EE code in their Web-ware. They also must compete with the iPlanet software and fear Sun Microsystems could use its control of Java to leverage an advantage. Sun acknowledges their concerns and is promising not to act in that manner. The charges levied against Sun Microsystems have individuals at Microsoft smiling. After years of sanctimonious claims that Java was an open standard, Sun has finally dropped the pretense, notes Charles Fitzgerald, a director in Microsoft's developer group. There was discussion amongst Java developers advocating Sun Microsystems hand control of the Java standard to an independent panel, theoretically allowing all firms equality in defining Javas future. Sun attempted to work with a standards body but abandoned its latest effort in December. Forbes wonders how the other guys can fight back, suggesting they could form their own Java standards body -- over Sun's objections. They could develop alternatives to the official Java or pursue different software altogether. In the end, Forbes notes, The most likely outcome is that the fractiousness will continue: These guys need each other. Computers and Internet

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buy custom Businesses and Organizations essay Businesses and Organizations move their momentums merely to increase the shareholders equity. The main theme of every business lies on the net income. There are number of ways and provisions used by the organizations to increase the surplus. Business and Ethics are the two sides of a same picture as without any one second one is incomplete. There are number of literatures are there which institutionalized the importance of ethics in business. Business Ethics is extremely important in the marketing function of an organization because it is the only department that remains in one on one contact with the customers and consumers of the organizations. The main perspective of this study is related to business ethics and marketing. There are different questions relate to Caltex case of South Africa. Lets now move towards the first question of the report. Ans-1) Principles of Both Sides Before answering this question, this is desirable to include something about the intention of a company to expand its business in a new country or in a new place. Business is the name of expansion and certainly it will not yield the desired result until and unless it expands perfectly. Likewise it, Caltex which is a multinational oil company showed its intentions to launch its subsidiary in South Africa. According to the case study, it was April 1977 when Caltex submit its petition in the court of Security and Exchange Commision (SEC) of South Africa to allow the company to operate in the country. South African government gave them the mandate to operate in their country but the company has to give 100$ million to the government along with lots of domestic job offers. The principle presented by the South African government was absolutely right because every government want to see its country healthy and wealthy. On the other Hand Caltex has the principle to give them free hand only for the operation. The deal was final and now Caltex is one of the leading companies operating herein South Africa. Ans-2) Marketing Strategies It is a true fact that, although the mantra of every organization is same but the way to do that always varies from organization to organization or industry to industry. The marketing strategies presented in the case are wonderful which include advertisement and banners. SMS and Email marketing was not very familiar at that time that is why Caltex used these two methods to intimate the people. Inevitably, marketing strategies of a drug company always is different than that of a food company. There is always change in the advertisement and slogan. Food marketing can be done with the help of banners and panaflex but unfortunately it can not be applied on drug marketing. Infant Formula companies first used pana flex strategies to market their products which hasnt bought positive economic result for them, that is why this particular strategy camme under critics and severe pressure of the authors and then formula companies have to change their strategies. From that time till today advertisement is the only strategy used by formula companies. Ans-3) Price Fixing Schemes There are number of ways of marketing and fixing the price of a service is one of them. Usually telecommunication companies use this particular strategy to attract their customers. There are number of social and economical impact of this act. Obviously the buying and affording power of every individual is not same, so fixing the price of a product or service may harm low income group and give additional benefit for the high income group. Companies may also hurt economically with this act because the sales level will decrease with every price fixing strategies. People want bargaining, so the idea of fixing not works. Ans-4) Clarke Burkey Act Clarke Burky act was absolutely right because they also proposed the same provisions discussed above regarding the marketing strategies. Ans-5) Pollution Control Unlimited Good and Carrying Capacity is the best strategy to control the population of a country. Likewise, in manufacturing Just in Time (JIT) process worked wonderfully well to control the un-used inventories so carrying capacity restrict a user to bought a specific amount of goods and this particular action can control the population of a country. Buy custom Businesses and Organizations essay

Financial Report of the Fashion Company Hermes Case Study

Financial Report of the Fashion Company Hermes - Case Study Example The paper "Financial Report of the Fashion Company Hermes" is a report of finance situation of the fashion company called Hermes. A small number of attainment in wristwatch manufacture and fleece merchandise, as sound as in the additional unidentified fields of furnishings, upholstery fabrics and wallpaper complemented. Our existing mà ©tiers, enabling us to tender our clientele a increasingly better alternative of exceptional objects. The responsibility of the managerial Chairmen is to administer the collection and proceed in its all-purpose interest, within the range of the commercial principle and focus to those powers specifically approved by decree to the decision-making Board and to General Meetings of shareholders. Hermà ¨s International’s executive administration is comprised of the administrative Chairmen and the administrative group, which consists of six administration Directors, every of whom has distinct areas of accountability. Its task is to administer the Gro up’s deliberate executive. The Supervisory Board movements current organize over friendship management. For this reason, it has the similar authority as the legal Auditors. The administrative Board determines the planned pay appropriation for the financial year to be submitted to the Annual General Meeting. Among the goods include; Leather Goods-Saddlery: Leather goods and saddler are Hermes founding mà ©tier and account for 47% of sales. Its goods include bags, clutch bags, briefcases, luggage, diaries, writing accessories., small leather accessories, saddles and other equestrian items. Ready to wear and fashion accessories; This group includes; Women’s Ready to wear; tiring a gaucho bonnet and with a button in give, the proviso was decent in tooled or full-grain leathers set sour by a shagreen sheen, by means of entwined jackets in squashy lambskin plus crocodile bronzed to clearness, the final achievement. Tall, slim silhouettes in jodhpur jumpsuits, Amazon skirts, bloomer shorts in strand gabardine or draped dresses in iris and bright green viscose jersey were mutual with harness-bit belts, Etriviere trinkets and Jumping boots in a jiggle to the equestrian globe. Attributing a mark to this innovative vote, clean lines exposed the exactitude of volumes and the exquisiteness of resources. Maxi-hoods, lambskin leggings or jog bottoms in knit cashmere were damaged by athletic women or regular traveler. MEN’S READY-TO-WEAR The materials were work in innovative ways by means of ground-breaking technique that lent them strange weightlessness and gentleness. â€Å"Phantom-seam† calfskin, an terrific instance of trompe l’?il, necessary tremendously precise hot stamping. in the meantime, Etriviere lambskin acquire a screen-printed lining featuring the Pegase d’Hermesmotif, addition the sum total of modification to its very manly outlook. Creating â€Å"suffer exhaustion strand† knit necessary a highly complicated man ufacture progression and more than a few. ACCESSORIES The Accessories Department covers enamel and leather ,